Muddada darajada Gem waxa inta badan loo qaybiyaa xilli huruud-cagaaran qaro weyn, muddada cagaarka dahabka ah, muddada jaalaha-cagaaran, muddada cagaarka qaro weyn (sidoo kale loo yaqaan sumurud fiidkii ama emerald-galbeed, emerald fiidkii) iyo jawharad cirka.
Sapphire casaanka casaanka ah: hore, bulshada caalamiga ah ee gem waxay aaminsanaayeen in kaliya corundum qoto dheer oo dhexdhexaad ah ilaa casaan madow ama casaan guduudan lagu magacaabi karo ruby.Kuwa iftiinka cas u noqda iftiin aad u iftiin leh waxaa loo yaqaan sapphires pink.
Farqiga u dhexeeya Garnet iyo dhagaxyada la midka ah iyo garnet synthetic.Dhagaxyada dhagaxa ah ee la midka ah midabka garnets kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan rubies, sapphires, corundum macmal, topaz, emeralds, Jadeite, iwm., waa kala duwanaansho waxaana lagu kala saari karaa polarisation.
Garnet cas waa aluminium garnet taxane ah ee magnesium aluminium garnet, oo ka tirsan noocyada caadiga ah ee garnet.Midabka casaanka ah ee garnet cas wuxuu dadka ka dhigi karaa inay yeeshaan soo jiidasho aan la adkeyn karin, soo jiidata farxad iyo jacayl weligeed ah, kordhiso isku kalsoonida, waa dhagaxa dumarka.
Tourmaline waxay leedahay halabuur iyo midab kakan.Warshadaha dahabka ee caalamiga ah asal ahaan waxay u qaybsan yihiin noocyo ganacsi iyadoo loo eegayo midabka tourmaline, iyo midab badan oo midab leh, qiimaha sarreeya.
Spinelku waa macdan ka kooban magnesium iyo aluminium oxide, sababtoo ah waxa ku jira magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese iyo walxo kale, waxa loo qaybiyaa noocyo badan, sida spinel aluminium, iron spinel, zinc spinel, manganese spinel, chrome spinel iyo sidaas oo kale.
Ruby [1], oo macnaheedu yahay corundum midabka cas, waa nooc ka mid ah corundum oo ka kooban ugu horrayn aluminium oxide (AL 2O 3).Midabka cas wuxuu ka yimaadaa chromium (CR) , badi Cr2O3, waxa ku jira guud ahaan 0.1 ~ 3% , kan ugu sarreeya waa 4% .Ka kooban Fe, Ti iyo buluug ayaa sheegay in Sapphire, non-chromium CR midabka midabada kale ee corundum sidoo kale si wadajir ah loo yaqaan Sapphire.
Gem ku xidhan dhammaan noocyada darajada jawharad corundum ka shisheeyaha ruby waxaa loo yaqaan sapphire.Magaca macdanta Sapphire ee corundum, macdanta kooxda corundum.
Tan crystal waxa kale oo loo yaqaan crystal shaaha, iyo quartz qiiqa (quartz brown) waxa kale oo loo yaqaan crystal qiiq iyo crystal khad radioactive Inta badan crystals shaaha waa tiirar lix geesood ah.Sida kiristaalo kale oo hufan, waxaa jira mararka qaarkood tilmaamo sida dildilaaca baraf, daruur iyo ceeryaamo.
Topaz waa daah-furan saafi ah laakiin inta badan ma mugdi ku jiro wasakhda ku jirta awgeed.Topaz caadi ahaan waa midab khamri ama huruud ah.Laakiin waxay noqon kartaa caddaan, cawl, buluug, cagaar.Topaz aan midab lahayn, marka si fiican loo gooyo, waxaa lagu khaldi karaa dheeman.
TSAVORITE (TSAVORITE) magaca kiimikaad waa chrome vanadium calcium aluminium garnet, sababtoo ah waxaa ku jira xaddi chromium iyo vanadium, Emerald cagaaran oo jilicsan, oo isha ku raaxaysata.Beerta Qaranka ee Shafe ee Kenya waxa daah furay cilmi-yaqaanka Campbell Brydges dabayaaqadii 1960-aadkii.
Shiinaha waa mid ka mid ah soosaarayaasha ugu waaweyn ee turquoise.Turquoise waxaa laga soo saaraa Gobolka Zhushan, Degmada Yunxi, Anhui Ma'anshan, Shaanxi Baihe, Xichuan, Henan, Hami, Xinjiang, Wulan, Qinghai iyo meelo kale.